My intimacy with Costa Rican poison dart frogs could nothave occurred without financial support from the Claremont McKenna College Dean ofStudents, the Roberts Environmental Center, the Claremont Colleges Joint ScienceDepartment and the Firestone Reserve. A significant correlation wasfound for D. granuliferus sightings (Pearson=5.53, P=0.02), indicating that the frequency offrog sighting increased in the absence of rainfall and decreased during rainfall (Figure 12). Hokit D.G. Data separated by species show less extreme patterns of change over time. Each observation followed the same protocol. To keep measurement technique consistent, all observations were made by the author.Two sessions of observations typically occurred each day. Mean sighting distance wasmeasured using a Leica Geosystems laser rangefinder accurate to ± 3 mm from a constantheight. 14:185-204.Basset, Y., H. Alberlenc, H. Barrios, G. Curletti, J. Berenger, J. Vesco, P. Causse, A. Haug, A. Hennion, L. Lesobre, F. Marques, and R. O’Meara. Both the granularError!Figure 3. The pattern of density estimatesamong habitats is consistent with the results of past studies on deforestation and populationdensities. 21, Distribution To relate frog sightings to actual geographical features, ArcGIS Version 9.1 was usedto project the Firestone trail survey into a satellite image of the Firestone Reserve (obtainedfrom Digital Globe, Inc.) with reference to GPS coordinates collected at the site. Although anurans are prized for the insight they provide regarding the health of anecosystem, the creatures are also the arch nemeses of many field scientists. Since 1960, the rural population in Latin America and theCaribbean has dropped by 30%, a trend driven in part by a 20 million person decrease in thepopulation whose livelihood is based on agriculture, hunting, fishing or 6, Figure 1. Amphibians, with their small body size, permeable skin, and limited mobility, are considered sensitive indicators of environmental conditions. Similarly, it would be relevant to examine areas of recovering forest of variousages to investigate the length of time necessary for frogs to repopulate areas at normaldensities. The research period corresponded to the Dendrobatid matingseason and the peak of their activity throughout the year (reviewed by Savage, 2002).Observing at this time guaranteed the highest number of frog sightings possible, leading toelevated estimates of population densities and an overall optimistic perspective of theDendrobatid presence on the Firestone Reserve.Population Density The population density of frogs was measured with the Hayne Estimator (Hayne,1949). data).Study Species The combined Firestone-Hacienda Baru area hosts at least 28 known species ofanurans (M. Ryan, pers. Northwestern Naturalist 87: 128-137. One example of a food chain the frog occurs in is …
Prominent water sources are represented by light blue symbols (filled polygon = pond; solid line = stream, known location; dottedline = stream, estimated location [surveyed by McFarlane, 2001 {unpubl. Wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) are widely distributed in North America (northern Georgia to north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska and Canada), making them an ideal species for the study of widespread environmental change. Now, nearly 2 decadeslater, as populations continue to decrease in size and weaken in stability, scientists are callingfor the unprecedented cooperation of all to prevent further loss of amphibian diversity. Finally, the air temperature was not 12, anticipated to affect sighting frequencies because of its small range due to the tropicalclimate.
0.16Frog sighting frequency (frogs/m) 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 7:00 TimeFigure 14.
A 502.2 cmdifference occurred between the two years, with 2005 receiving 772.4 cm and 2006 receiving270.2 cm of rainfall (Firestone Reserve Weatherlink).
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